2015年专升本英语讲义-语法讲解.docxVIP

专升本语法结构部分（一）动词时态注意：时态语态常连考，被动考的相对多！常考点：各种完成时（by + 时间状语最常考）做题关键：看相关时间状语与固定句型现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedshall / will askshould / would ask进行am / is / are askingwas / were askingshall / will be askingshould / would be asking完成have / has askedhad askedshall / will have askedshould / would have asked完成进行have / has been askinghad been askingshall / will havebeen askingshould / would havebeen asking1.一般现在时(1) 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。例：She visits her parents every day. Summer follows spring. (2) 表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。如：上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。例：Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.2. 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1983, just now, when等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。例：It was in the year 1972 that the New York Stock Exchange was founded. （2005专英24） We often played together when we were children. Half of his goods were stolen the other day. （201327）3. 一般将来时(1) 表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常接时间状语tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime。(2) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。或计划中约定的、按要求必须要做的事。例：Who is to clean the classroom today? The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. (3) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。例：Be quiet. The concert is about to start. (4) 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。口诀：主将 / 祈从现。例：Please tell her to come to my office as soon as she comes back.We’ll begin our meeting whether he comes or not.(5) make sure, make certain, check, see (to it) ：（确保、务必） + that从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.4. 现在完成时(1) 表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。或者表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(2) 与现在完成时连用的短语和句型：短语：already, yet, just, ever, before；this month / week / year；now / recently / lately / these days； in / for / during the past years; twice, three times,（ever）since + 时间点, for + 时间段，so far, by now, up to now, till now。 句型：It / This / That is \[will be\] the first time that + 主语 + has / have + 过去分词 (……第一次……)；This /