英语补课笔记.docx

1.语态分为主动语态和被动语态（按主语与谓语关系划分）。主动语态：主语是谓语的执行者；被动语态：主语是谓语的承受者。主动→被动：将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动语态的谓语变成be动词+原主动语态中谓语动词的过去分词。（注：只有be才能体现被动语态的各种时态。）e.g.Hecleansthe room everyday.主（执行）→谓宾The roomis cleaned by him everyday.主谓2.被动语态和各种时态：一般现在时：am/is/are+done 一般过去时：was/were+done现在进行时：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done一般将来时：will be done 过去将来时：would be done现在完成时：have/has been done 过去完成时：had been done3.情态动词的被动语态：can/could be done能被做 may/might be done也许被做must be done一定被做 should be done应该被做need be done需要被做吗 have/has to be done不得不被做be (seen/heard/made) to do sth被（看见/听见/迫）做某事4.动词搭配分为及物动词+宾语和不及物动词5.以下几种情况无被动语态①发生：happen 偶然，客观发生/take place 人为发生② run out用光/run out of+宾用光③连系动词无被动语态：变得：become/get/turn保持（keep/stay）+adj④卖得好或糟时无被动语态，表示……被卖了有被动6.“一个宾语表人（间接宾语）一个表物（直接宾语）”的情况eg: He give me a pen yesterday. 通常表人的间接宾语放在表物的直接宾语的前面eg: pass sb sth. 如果表人的间接宾语要放在表物的直接宾语的后面，就要在他们前面加介词to（给）或for（为了）例：buy sb sth = buy sth for sb为某人买cook sb sth = cook sth for sb为某人煮make sb sth = make sth for sb为某人制作注：give、pass、send、show均有以上用法7.“主动语态时双宾语变成被动语态”的情况：eg: He gave a book yesterday. 被动：I was given a book by him yesterday.eg: She is cooking me an egg now. 被动：I am being cooked an egg by her now.或An egg is being cooked for me by her now.注：如果将主动语态中表目的的直接宾语作为被动语态的主语，那么表人的间接宾语前面用for 或 to8.使役动词：（let/have/make）sb do sth/get sb to do sth使某人做某事Eg：She made her hair washed just now.使头发被洗（make/get/let/have）sth done使……被做①如果使役动词后面的某人某物是后面动词的承受者，那么某人和某物后面的动词用过去分词。②如果……是执行者时，那么make/let/have/get sb to do sth后面的动词用原形，物后面的动词用过去分词。③let/make/have sb do sth不带“to”的不定式get sb to do sth带“to”的不定式作宾补使役动词的被动语态：Eg：My mom makes me clean the room every day.变为被动语态：I am made to clean the room by my mom every day.注：如果主动语态是不带“to”的不定式作宾被，变为被动语态就要用带“to”的不定式作宾补。9.以下几个句型表面上是主动，实际上表被动。①表示……被卖得好/差只能用主动 eg.: The books sold well/badly.②表示……值得做be worth doing sth eg.: The book is worth reading.③ Sth（物）+need/require+doing/to be done某事需要