现代操作系统第3版第1章.ppt

MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMSThird EditionANDREW S. TANENBAUMChapter 1Introduction Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 What Is An Operating System (1) A modern computer consists of: One or more processors Main memory Disks Printers Various input/output devices Managing all these components requires a layer of software ?the operating system Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 What Is An Operating System (2) Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 The Operating System as an Extended Machine Figure 1-2. Operating systems turn ugly hardware into beautiful abstractions. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 The Operating System as a Resource Manager Allow multiple programs to run at the same time Manage and protect memory, I/O devices, and other resources Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources in two different ways: In time In space Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 History of Operating Systems Generations: (1945?5) Vacuum Tubes (1955?5) Transistors and Batch Systems (1965?980) ICs and Multiprogramming (1980朠resent) Personal Computers Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Transistors and Batch Systems (1) Figure 1-3. An early batch system. (a) Programmers bring cards to 1401. (b)1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 Transistors and Batch Systems (2) Figure 1-3. (c) Operator carries input tape to 7094. (d) 7094 does computing. (e) Operator carries output tape to 1401. (f) 1401 prints output. Tanen