英语句子成分简析.ppt

英语句子成分简析 一、句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 1.The sun rises in the east.（名词） 2. He likes dancing. （代词） 3. Seeing is believing.（动名词） 4.To see is to believe.（不定式） 5.What he needs is a book. （主语从句） 6. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语 ） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语由动词充当。 1.We study English. 2.They have arrived. 3.She is reading a novel. 4.Tom dislikes Chinese. 宾语(object)：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） I enjoy watching TV.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? His mother is worried about him. The woman devoted herself to developing her hometown. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He told me a story yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 定语（attribute）：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） The man over there is my old friend.（副词） The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介词短语） 状语（adverbial）：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. I like some of you very much. He goes to school by bike. 宾补（object complement）：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor.（名词） We will make them happy. （形容词） Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that（省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） We found nobody in. （副词 ） 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 1.He is a teacher.