行合与意合.ppt

行合与意合 Hypotactic vs.Paratactic 定义 所谓形合，指的是词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。 所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，其中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达 英语造句采用形合法，汉语造句采用意合法 试译下句： 1.The water of the lake was so clear that every fish could be seen distinctly. A 湖水如此清澈，以致于游鱼历历可数。 B 湖水清澈,游鱼历历可数. 2 .这个游戏真有趣，每个人都笑起来了。 A The play was very amusing. Everybody couldn’t help laughing. B The play was so amusing that it made everybody laugh. 一.英语的形合法 英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词，语，分句，注重显性连接，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显意。英语是重形式的语法性语言。 一.英语的形合法 1.关系词和连接词 关系代词:who, whom, which, that, what 关系副词:when, where, why, how 连接副词:how,where,when 连接代词:who，whom，whose，what，which 并列连接词:and, or, but, both … and …,either …or …, neither … nor …, not only … but also … 从属连接词:when, as, while,every time, as soon as, Where, seeing that, considering…… 1.关系词和连接词 1)When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes,of which one goes much deeper than the other 为什么如此之多的美国人不能如想象中的幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间有有深浅之分。 1.关系词和连接词 It was what sentimentalists, who deal with in very big words,call a yearing after the ideal, and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husband and children on whom they may centre affections,which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small change.(Vanity Fair) 一般情感主义喜欢用大字眼，称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，请感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。 2.介词 1)简单介词：of, to, with, in, about, between…… 2)合成介词：inside,onto, upon, within,throughout…… 3)成语介词：according to,along with,apart from,because of, on behalf of…… 2.介词 1）The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 2）He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 他有一种令人一律不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 3.其他连接手段 1)形态变化：词缀变化，动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词的形态变化（Eg:性、数、格、时、体、语态、语气、比较级、人称等）及前后的一致关系。 2)广泛使用代词以保持前后一致的关系 3)使用 it 和 there 作替补词 英语常常综合应用上述手段，把各种成分连接起来，构成长短句，表达一定的语法关系和逻辑联系。 3