词汇学005-types of meaning-conceptual.ppt

Explain the following words 1. goody-goody a person who likes to appear faultless in behavior so as to please others, not because he or she is really good. infml, derog, used by children about other children 2. level-headed calm and sensible in making judgments apprec 3. leveller A member of a political group that whishes to get rid of all social differences BrE. old use 1. Grammatical meaning Anything in common in each group? A. girls, winners, tables, joys B. asked, thought, walked, went C. girl’s, boy’s, night’s, word’s A. girls, winners, tables, joys Grammatical meaning of plurality B. asked, thought, walked, went Tense meaning in the word-forms of verbs C. girl’s, boy’s, night’s, word’s Case meaning in the word-forms of various nouns Definition of grammatical meaning The component of meaning identical in individual forms of different words. 1) Grammatical meaning becomes transparent only when words are used in connected speech. e.g. The dog is chasing a ball. a) “dog” and “ball” are nouns and both are singular, used as subject and object in the sentence respectively. b) “is chasing” is the predicate verb, showing present continuous tense. c) “the” and “a ” are determiners, specifying definiteness and number. 2) Different lexemes may have the same grammatical meaning. e.g. tables, men, oxen, potatoes They all have the same plural meaning. 3) The same lexeme may have different grammatical meaning. e.g. forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting 2. Lexical meaning Definition: Lexical meaning is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This component of meaning is identical in all the forms of the word. A. Conceptual meaning cognitive / denotative / designative 1) It is the same meaning for all speakers of a given language. It is the extensional meaning of a word. It is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning 2) The role it plays in communication: Being constant and relative stable, conceptual meaning forms