跨文化交际(十二).ppt

Part 6 How can we succeed in intercultural communication? Chapter 10 Accepting Differences and Appreciating Similarities Outline A Philosophy of Change Potential Problems in IC Improving IC Ethnical Consideration Potential Problems in IC 1.Seeking Similarities 2.Uncertainty Reduction 3.Diversity of Communication Purposes 4.Stereotyping and Prejudice 5.Power 6.Culture Shock 7.Ethnocentrism 1. Seeking Similarities Birds of a feather flock together means that people who are similar to each other often spend time together. 2. Uncertainty Reduction This uncertainty can take a number of forms. Behavior questions Cognitive questions 3.Diversity of Communication Purposes Greeting, asking for help and so on Emotional catharsis 4. Stereotyping and Prejudice Stereotypes is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides our behavior toward a particular group of people. 甘肃 美国人 a. 女人是好听众。 b. 男人有进取心。 c. 哦，我明白他为什么那么有礼貌，他是日本人。 d. 呵，那样的行为，有什么好惊讶的，她是个律师。 The reason for the pervasive nature of stereotypes is that human beings have a psychological need to categorize and classify. There are many reasons that stereotypes hamper IC. First, stereotypes fail to specify individual characteristics. Second, stereotypes are simplified, over-generalized, and /or exaggerated. Third, stereotypes repeat and reinforce until they often become taken for “truth”. Stereotypes are learned in a variety of ways. First, people learn stereotypes from their parents, relatives and friends. Second, stereotypes develop through limited personal contact. Finally, many stereotypes are provided by the mass media. Prejudice refers to an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people. When applied to the interpersonal and intercultural setting, prejudice often includes various levels of hostility. Prejudices are also learned. Prejudice is expressed in many ways. Anti-locution Avoiding and/or withdraw from contact with the disliked group