预习版How to Write the Literature Review.pptVIP

Taking a Stance Towards the Published Literature Linguistic strategies for evaluating published literature Strategies Purpose Words to use Hedges To withhold your full commitment to a statement may; might; possibly; likely; seemed to; appeared to Boosters To reveal your certainty about a statement clearly; definitely; without doubt Attitude markers To reveal your attitude towards a statement interestingly; surprisingly; unfortunately Engagement markers To build a relationship with the reader as you can see; you will have noted that; consider whether Self-mentions To make reference to the research I; we; my; our Types of reporting with examples Techniques Examples Central reporting---The name of the author responsible for claim is subject of sentence. McCroskey(1992:21) concluded that the assumptions were tenable… Non-central reporting---The name of the author responsible for claim is placed in brackets at the end of sentence. Yet the WTC scale appeared to offer the best instrument…in measuring the WTC construct (McCroskey and Richmond, 1987). Non-reporting---less focus on author with no reporting verb such as “argued” or “found”. Integrativeness refers to the desire to learn a second language…(Gardner and MacIntyre, 1993). noted stated argued claimed to formally write or say sth officially or publicly; to state sth firmly and clearly state to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it claim contended established Reasons for choice of tense Tense Examples Reasons Present simple Smith(2008) reveals that… To convey the current state of knowledge, make a generalization and present earlier findings as accepted facts Past simple Smith(2008) revealed that… To refer to a claim or finding that has been made Present perfect Smith(2008) has revealed that… To refer to the currently accepted state of affairs Examples of verb and tense choice in a sample text Garden (1985) established socio-educational model to account for the r