食品中的“天然化妆品”.ppt

GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI 化妆品 INTRODUCTION Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a gram-positive bacterium that grows in pairs or chains and causes complete, or -hemolysis when cultured on sheep blood agar. GAS cause a broad spectrum of disease, from primary upper respiratory tract and skin infections to secondary complications such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and glomerulonephritis, as well as severe invasive illness, including toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and necrotizing fasciitis which may involve almost every organ system. Despite the beneficial effects of antibiotics, clinicians continue to encounter GAS disease frequently in practice. OBJECTIVES To know about the symptoms and signs that help differentiate group A streptococcal pharyngitis from viral pharyngitis. To know about the recommended diagnostic evaluation and antibiotic treatment regimens for group A streptococcal pharyngitis. To be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of group A streptococcal skin infections. To describe the non suppurative and suppurative complications of group A streptococcal infections. To know the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and the diagnostic criteria for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome PHARYNGITIS GAS pharyngitis, the most common GAS infection, occurs most often in school-age children and accounts for 15% to 30% of all cases of pharyngitis in this age group. Transmission results from contact with infected respiratory tract secretions and is facilitated by close contact in schools and child care centers. The rate of GAS transmission from an infectious case to close contacts is approximately 35%. The incubation period for GAS pharyngitis is 2 to 4 days. Differential Features of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Viral Pharyngitis Findings Suggestive of GAS Infection SYMPTOMS Sore throat Dysphagia Fever Headache Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting SIGNS Soft palate petechiae Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy Scarlet