外文翻译2631404.docVIP

In terms of architecture, the structure of a building is and does much more than that. It is an inseparable part of the building form and to varying degrees is a generator of that form. Used skillfully, the building structure can establish or reinforce orders and rhythms among the architectural volumes and planes. It can be visually dominant or recessive. It can develop harmonies or conflicts. It can be both confining and emancipating. And, unfortunately in some cases, it cannot be ignored. It is physical. 从建筑学方面来说，建筑结构并非仅仅如此，它是建筑风格一个不可分割的部分，并且在不同程度上体现了建筑风格。巧妙熟练地设计建筑结构能够在建筑空间和平面上建立或加强格调和韵律。它做到直观上的显性和隐形，能够发展和谐体或对照体，同时它是局限的和开放的，并且在某些情况下是不可忽略的，也就是它的实际性。 The requirement of strength means that the materials selected to resist the stresses generated by the loads and shapers of the structure(s) must be adequate. Indeed, a “factor of Safety” is usually provided so that under the anticipated loads, a given material is not stressed to a level even close to its rupture point. The material property called stiffness is considered with the requirement of strength. Stiffness is different from strength in that it directly involves how much a structure strains or deflects under load. A material that is very strong but lacking in stiffness will deform too much to be of value in resisting the forces applied. 强度要求意味着选择合适的材料来承受由荷载引起的应力和保持适当结构形状。的确，提供一个安全系数以便在预计荷载作用下，所使用的材料不会接近破坏应力。被称为刚度的材料特性需要与强度要求一起考虑。刚度不同于强度，它直接体现了结构在荷载作用下的应变打小和变形长度。强度高，刚度低的材料在外力作用下变形过大失去使用价值。 Concrete is a man-made conglomerate stone composed of essentially four ingredients: Portland cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate. The cement and water combine to make a paste that binds the sand and stones together. Ideally, the aggregates are graded so that the volume of paste is at a minimum, merely surrounding every piece with a thin layer. Most structural concrete is stone concrete, but structural lightweight concrete (roughly two-thirds the density, of stone concrete) is becoming increasingly popular. 混凝土是一种主要