unit2 grammar最佳概要1.ppt

Useful structure ( 30m ) 一、动名词的形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、功能及用法(作主语) 1．作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. _______________________ is something we should never do． 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 ____________________ is very important for me． 3)说比做容易。 ___________ is easier than doing. Playing tricks on others Learning new words Talking ②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如： 1) It’s worth making the effort． 这事值得去做。 2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 _______________________________ with Shylock． 3)想再解释一次有好处吗? __________________________________________________ 4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 __________________________________________________ 二、功能及用法(作主语) It is useless trying to argue Is it any good trying to explain? It is pleasant working with you． 1. Helping people in need of help is nice. 2. Growing super hybrid rice is not easy. 3. Learning more about farming is not difficult. 4. Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city. 5. Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries. 6. Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. ③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 如： 1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 2)这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is ________________ about such matter. 3)无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _____________ when he would leave. 二、功能及用法(作主语) no joking no knowing 动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： 　动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如： 1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。 As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure． 2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 ____________ in an American home will be a good experience for me. 二、功能及用法(作主语) visiting sick people To be a guest 3) 一直不做就是作恶。 ___________________is doing ill． 4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。” He said，“To go on like this is no use．” 5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party． 在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换． Doing nothing 二、功能及用法(作主语) 常用-ing形式作主语