交易规则TradingRules.PDFVIP

經濟學原理一課堂實驗(三) ：市場交易A──發現「看不見的手」(Seeing the Invisible Hand) Principles of Economics I - Classroom Experiment (3): Market Trading A - Seeing the Invisible Hand 我們選出六十位同學參與交易實驗，三人一組，其中十組為買方、十組為賣方。每回合中，各組可 以買賣一單位的商品。每組會拿到一張有數字的撲克牌 (J=11, Q=12, K=13, A=1) 。拿到紅色( 方塊、 紅心的是賣方，拿到黑色) 黑桃、梅花( 的是買方。請收好這張牌使別人沒辦法看到牌面花色數字。) Sixty students will participate by forming 20 groups, 10 buyers and 10 sellers. In each round, each group can buy or sell one product. Each group will receive a playing card (J=11, Q=12, K=13, A=1). If your card is red, you are a seller; if it is black, you are a buyer. Please store your card properly so no one can peek. ( ) ：「牌面數字 代表賣出商品所需付出的生產成本，因此賣出商品的利潤就是所賣 賣 方紅 乘以十」 出的價格減去「牌面上的數字乘以十」。舉例來說，如果拿到的卡片是紅心二，賣出商品的價格是 三十元，那利潤就是（三十減二十等於）十元。如果賣出商品的價格是一百元，那利潤就是（一百 減二十等於）八十元。如果沒有達成交易，該回合的利潤就是零，但也不必負擔任何成本。 Seller (Red): Your cost of production is the “number on your card multiplied by 10.” So, your profit is the difference between the selling price and this cost. For example, if your card is “2 of hearts,” and the selling price is $30, your profit is $30 - $(2x10) = $10. If the selling price is $100, your profit is $100 - $(2x10) = $80. If you do not trade, you earn no profit (but incur no cost). ( ) ：「牌面數字 代表買到商品您會獲得的價值，因此買到商品的利潤(好處就是「牌) 買 方黑 乘以十」 面上的數字 乘以十」減去買進商品的價格。舉例來說，如果拿到的卡片是黑桃九，買進商品的價格 是四十元，那利潤 (好處就是（九十減四十等於）五十元。如果買進商品的價格是八十元，那利潤) (好處就是（九十減八十等於）十元。如果您沒有達成交易，您該回合的利潤) (好處就是零。) Buyer (Black): Your value of the product is the “number on your card multiplied by 10.” So, your “profit” (gain) is the difference between this value and the price paid. For example, if your card is “9 of Spades,” and the price is $40, then your “profit” (gain) is $(9x10) - $4