GIU3 现在完成时和现在完成进行时.pptVIP

Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense 表示现在之前已经发生的动作或状态，往往和现在有联系。 (1) 构成：have/has done (2) 常见时间状语： 1) since + 时间点/从句； 2) for + 时间段； 3) “过去某时到现在” 如today, this year, so far, up to now等； 4) “最近几世纪/年/月” in the past few years, during the last three months； 5) 副词lately, recently, already, yet, before等。 (3) 用法： 1) 延续：表示一种从过去开始并一直延续到现在的情况： We have known each other since we were nine or ten. 我们自九岁或十岁时就相识相知。 The strike has continued for several weeks. 罢工已经持续了几个星期。 Up to now, the work has been easy. 到目前为止，工作还算容易。 She has been away from school during the last few weeks. 这几周，她一直没来学校。 注意：如果没有延续性的时间状语，表示这件事曾经发生过： I have been to the ruins of Pompeii. 我曾去过庞培古城。 Tom has lived in Beijing. That was ten years ago. He is now living in New York. 汤姆曾经在北京住过，但这是十年前的事了，他现在住在纽约。　　 2) 重复：表示现在之前重复发生的某个动作： I have met many old friends since I came back from Britain. 自我从英国回来之后已经遇到很多老朋友。 So far this semester, we have had five tests. 这个学期到目前为止，我们已经测试了五次。 I have watched the movie Avator many times. 我看阿凡达这部电影已经好多遍了。 I have written my wife an e-mail every day for the last two weeks. 在过去的两周里，我每天给我的妻子写一封信。 注意：现在完成时态的重复具有“将来可重复性”，而一般过去时并不具有： I have drunk three cups of coffee this morning. 此句含义是：今天上午到现在为止（尚未过去），我已经喝了三杯咖啡，有可能还会喝更多。 I drank three cups of coffee this morning. 此句含义是：今天上午（已过）我喝了三杯咖啡，不可能喝更多的咖啡。 3) 影响：一个过去发生的短暂事件没有“延续”或“重复”到现在，但它的影响持续到了现在： 1) 常与模糊的时间状语连用： We have never seen each other before. 我们之前从未见过彼此。 The agents have already got the address of the terrorists. 情报人员已获悉那些恐怖分子的住址。 2) 它的肯定式通常不与持续的时间状语连用： Tom has fallen in love, and thats why hes becoming excited. 汤姆坠入爱河，这就是他兴奋的原因。 He knows Africa very well, for he has been over Africa. 他非常了解非洲，因为他曾经走遍了非洲。 3) 它的否定式可与持续的时间状语连用： I havent heard from him for ages. 我已很久没有收到他的来信了。 I havent seen a piece of meat for weeks. 我已几周没吃过肉了。 表示一个持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)。 (1) 构成：have been doing (2) 用法： 1) 延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。 I have been living in Hawaii for ten years. 我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。 She has been bu