衰老个体中的组织干细胞-中国细胞生物学学报.PDFVIP

中国细胞生物学学报 Chinese Journal of Cell Biology 2017, 39(2): 223–231 DOI: 10.11844/cj cb.2017.02.0315 衰老个体中的组织干细胞 * * 刘清桂 陈佳佳 陈 费 王敏君 胡以平 (第二军医大学细胞生物学教研室, 上海200433) 摘要 组织干细胞是组织器官稳态维持和损伤修复或再生的结构基础。伴随着年龄的增加, 组织干细胞的数量、增殖和分化等功能及其所处微环境发生改变, 从而使得老年个体再生修复功 能降低或异常。此外, 组织干细胞的衰老与老年个体衰老相关疾病的发生有着密切的关系。该文 拟介绍几种目前比较明确的组织干细胞在老年个体中发生改变的基本特征及其发生机制, 旨在为 正确理解老年组织机能低下提供重要的理论基础, 并希望能够建立有效可行的延缓或逆转组织干 细胞衰老的途径以提高老年人群的生活质量。 关键词 组织干细胞; 衰老; 干细胞巢 Tissue-Specific Stem Cells in the Aged Individual Liu Qinggui, Chen Jiajia, Chen Fei, Wang Minjun*, Hu Yiping* (Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China) Abstract Tissue-specific stem cells play a vital role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Aging tissues experiencing a progressive decline in regenerative function is considered as changes in number of tissue-specific stem cells, stem cell niches, proliferative and differentiation capacities. Moreover, the age-dependent diseases may be directly associated with these dysfunctional stem cells and their niches. Here, we explore the effects of aging on several reported tissue-specific stem cells in different tissues and molecular mechanisms underlying stem cells age. With this increased understanding, it is feasible to design and test interventions that delay or reversal tissue-specific stem cell aging and improve both health and lifespan. Keywords tissue-specific stem cells; aging; stem cell niche 组织干细胞是存在于成熟组织器官中的一类 结构基础。本文将主要介绍在衰老个体中造血干细 未分化的细胞, 具有自我更新(self-renewal)和分化为 胞、骨骼肌干细胞、神经干细胞等组织干细胞异常 特定功能性细胞的基本生物学特性, 可直接或间接