谈语言运用能力的提高.ppt

How to develop four skills 怎样培养四项技能 Liu Daoyi  Fries: “学生学会说英语的前提首先是听。” 据统计，在语言交流中，听占45%，说占30%，读 占16%，写占9%。 国内外专家认为，学习母语和外语应遵循听说领先，读写跟上的原则。 在高中英语教学中，这四项技能相辅相成，要求综合训练。 听、说、读、写四项技能的关系 Relationship of four skills Factors affecting listening comprehension 听者的语言水平 文化知识、语境知识 心理因素 说话者的语音语调、语速 客观因素（环境、气氛、人际） Types of listening practice 内容 和结构 分析性(analytical) 综合性(comprehensive) 听的目的 求知( for knowledge) 寻取信息(for information) Objectives of listening skills 能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断；能识别不同语气所表达的不同情感； 能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并记住要点； 能抓住一般语段中的观点； 能基本听懂广播或电视英语新闻的主题或大意； 能听懂委婉的建议或劝告等。 Listening procedures 听前(Before listening) p.41 TB p.21 预览（标题、插图、练习） 预测 有目的听 消除紧张情绪 听中(While listening) 第一遍听全文，抓主旨大意 第二遍听细节，做练习或任务 第三遍听全文，检查练习、任务完成情况 听后（Post listening) 拓展型活动 See Teacher’s book Book 1 Unit 1 Sample dialogue: S1: What do you think of Miss Wang’s advice? S2: I agree with her that Lisa shouldn’t finish this friendship. However, I don’t agree that Lisa should ignore her classmates. I think she should tell the teacher and the teacher should handle it. S3: I agree that she should continue the friendship too, but I don’t think she should tell the teacher. I think she should talk to her unkind classmates and tell them how upset they are making her. Perhaps they’ll behave more kindly then. S4: I’m afraid not. It’s not a good idea to talk to classmates. They might be even more unkind. Maybe Lisa’s parents should talk to the parents’ of her classmates. That might solve the problem. S2: I’m sorry, but I don’t agree. Lisa cannot ask her parents or the teacher for help. She’s too old for that. She needs to solve the problem herself. S1: OK. So we all agree that Lisa shouldn’t finish this friendship. Let’s vote and see which solution we like best. Then we can see if our ideas are the same as the rest of the class. Listening strategies 集中训练为主，分散训练为辅 精听与泛听相结合 训练预测的技能 （抓关键词、主题句、信号词、试题选项等） 多感官多技能