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The Weakest Failure Detector for Solving Consensus：（最弱的故障检测器为解决共识）
The Weakest Failure Detector for Solving
Consensus∗
Tushar Deepak Chandra† Vassos Hadzilacos‡ Sam Toueg§
June 1996
Abstract
We determine what information about failures is necessary and sufficient to
solve Consensus in asynchronous distributed systems subject to crash failures. In
[CT91], it is shown that 3W , a failure detector that provides surprisingly little
information about which processes have crashed, is sufficient to solve Consensus
in asynchronous systems with a majority of correct processes. In this paper, we
prove that to solve Consensus, any failure detector has to provide at least as much
information as 3W . Thus, 3W is indeed the weakest failure detector for solving
Consensus in asynchronous systems with a majority of correct processes.
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
The asynchronous model of distributed computing has been extensively studied. Infor-
mally, an asynchronous distributed system is one in which message transmission times
and relative processor speeds are both unbounded. Thus an algorithm designed for
an asynchronous system does not rely on such bounds for its correctness. In practice,
asynchrony is introduced by unpredictable loads on the system.
Although the asynchronous model of computation is attractive for the reasons out-
lined above, it is well-known that many fundamental problems of fault-tolerant dis-
tributed computing that are solvable in synchronous systems, are unsolvable in asyn-
chronous systems. In particular, it is well-known that Consensus, and several forms
∗Research supported by NSF grant
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