有机化学结构与功能5th答案sg_ch25.pdfVIP

1559T_ch25_439-453 10/20/05 5:59 AM Page 439 25 Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds The material in this chapter falls into two broad categories: nonaromatic and aromatic heterocycles. You have already seen many examples of nonaromatic heterocycles (see the section references at the start of the text chapter). There will be new ones, especially compounds containing nitrogen atoms in three-, four-, or five- membered rings. Heteroatoms may also be present in aromatic rings, and compounds with this feature are the subject of the last six sections of the chapter. In general, the properties of heterocyclic compounds will be predictable from principles you’ve already seen: They will be similar to acyclic compounds with similar heteroatoms unless (1) the ring is strained or (2) the ring is aromatic. When the ring is aromatic, the effect of the heteroatom on its chemistry will be important, and this will be a new topic to which you will need to apply your knowledge of inductive and resonance effects. Outline of the Chapter 25-1 Naming the Heterocycles 25-2 Nonaromatic Heterocycles 25-3, 25-4 Aromatic Heterocyclopentadienes: Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene 25-5, 25-6 Pyridine, an Azabenzene The most common monocyclic heteroaromatic compounds. 25-7 Quinoline and Isoquinoline: The Benzpyridines 25-8 Alkaloids Even more rings! Keys to the Chapter 25-1. Naming the Heterocycles Note simply that the