形容词的基本概念及用法.doc

形容词的基本概念及用法 一、形容词的定义：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的，在句中可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。 ⑴ 用作前置定语，即放在名词前修饰该名词。例如：China is a great country with a long history.? 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 ⑵ 用作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代词或形容词短语修饰名词时，需要后置。例如：He has something important to tell you.他有重要的事告诉你。She is a girl good at singing.?她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。 ⑶ 用作表语。例如：It was rainy yesterday, but today it is sunny.?昨天下雨，今天天晴。Your mother seems angry.?你母亲看上去生气了。The milk in the glass has gone bad.?玻璃杯里的牛奶发臭了。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.?树叶在秋天变黄。 注意：有一些形容词在句中只能用作表语，我们称之为“表语形容词”。初中英语中常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alive, alone, asleep, glad, ill (生病的), ready, sorry, sure, unable, well (健康的)等。例如：I’m sorry not to have been ready for the party.? 很抱歉，晚会我还没有准备好。The children were asleep just now, but now they’re awake.?孩子们刚才在睡觉，现在醒了。They were unable to help us.?他们没法帮助我们。 ⑷ 用作宾语补足语。例如：The news made her happy.?那个消息使她很开心。Who left the door open??是谁没把门关上？ “the＋形容词”具有名词的功能，泛指一类人或抽象事物。用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。可以这样用的形容词有：blind, dead, old, poor, rich, young等。例如：The young are the hope of the country.?年轻人是国家的希望。The rich are not always happy.?有钱人并不总是快乐。 1.? 比较等级的构成： 形容词比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级三种。比较级和最高级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化由“原级＋-er”构成比较级、“原级＋-est”构成最高级，如：small – smaller – smallest；形容词比较级的构成规则： 单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀–er和–est构成比较级和最高级。如：long →longer →longest clever－cleverer－cleverest few－fewer－fewest small－smaller－smallest 原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st；如： large →larger →largest nice－nicer－nicest cute－cuter－cutest 原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i，再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级；如：busy →busier →busiest easy－easier－easiest happy－happier－happiest 原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如：big→ bigger→ biggest fat－fatter－fattest thin－thinner－thinnest hot－hotter－hottest red－redder－reddest wet－wetter－wettest 多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：useful →more useful → the most useful difficult →more difficult → the most difficult beautiful →more beautiful → the most beautiful . delicious →more delicious → the most delicious popular → more popular→-the most popular important → more important → the most important interesting→ more