chapter 8 Motion position, velocity and accleration1 位置、速率、加速度概要1.ppt

Chapter 8 Motion; Almost every AP exam has a question on position, velocity, or acceleration. Its one of the traditional areas of physics where calculus comes in handy. Some of these problems require the use of integral calculus, which we wont talk about until the second half of this book. So, this unit is divided in half; youll see the other half later. ;If you have a function that gives you the position of an object (usualy called a particle) at a specified time, then the derivative of that function with respect to time is the velocity of the object, and the second derivative is the acceleration. These are usually represented by the following:;Example 1: If the position of a particle at a time is given by the equation , find the velocity and the acceleration of the particle at time ;Finally, plug in to find the acceleration at that time:;Example 2:If the position of a particle is given by where , find the point at which the particle changes direction.;Example 3: Given the same position function as in Example 2, find the interval of time during which the particle is slowing down.;So we have:;Whenever the velocity and acceleration have oppsite signs, the particle is slowing down. Here the particle is slowing down during the first two seconds(0t2) and between the fourth and sixth deconds(4t6) ;Example 4: How far does a particle travel between the eighth and tenth seconds if its position function is ?;This is wrong. The particle travels from -8 to -8, but it hasnt stood still. To fix this problem, divide the time interval into the time when the velocity is negative and the time when the velocity is positive, and add the absolute values of each distance. ;Example 5: Given the position function , find the distance that the particle from to .;Problem: