chapter1 introduction概要1.ppt

HISTOLOGY EMBRYOLOGY Teaching PPT Dept. of Anat., Hist. Embry. School of Medicine Xi’an Jiaotong University;HISTOLOGY;INTRODUCTION Definition: A science: study normal micro-structure its related function of human body.  4 structural levels: Cell: the smallest structural functional unit.  Tissue: groups of cells (similar in morphology or related in function)＋intercellular materials 4 types of fundamental tissue　　 epithelium　　 connective tissue　　 muscular tissue nervous tissue　;;;Why to study histology ?;Unit used in microscope 1μm=1/1000 mm 1 n m=1/1000μm Maximum resolution Light microscope: 0.2μm Transmission electron microscope: 0.2nm Scanning electron microscope: 5nm;Investigative methods of histology;;;B. Frozen section: Better for preserving chemical components (e.g. enzymes) Freezing→cryotomy→staining C. the others: Smear preparations: for blood etc; Grind preparations: for bone ;; Neutrophilic: do not stain w/ both basic and acid dyes Metachromasia: a dye stains tissue a different color from that of dye solution, e.g. toluidine blue stains mast cells in purple color Special staining: Argyrophilia Fluorescent staining;HO (Hoechst 33258)-PI staining shows the apoptosis in human HL-60 cells;1. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Using a beam of electrons (short wave-lengths) instead of visible light. Section preparation: similar to those for L.M mainly, plastic instead of paraffin, 50-70nm thick, heavy metal salts instead of HE. ?Resolution: 0.1-0.5nm (0.2nm) Ultrastructrue: The structure in EM Electron-dense / electron-lucent;Transmission Electron Microscope;;Diagrams of TEM;2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Sowing the 3 dimensional surface Architecture of cells and tissues ?? Resolution: 5nm;III. Histochemistry Cytochemistry;polysacch