沪江新概念语法.doc

附录 1.语法精粹 第一章 英语从句Subordination 英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 一．定语从句 1． 定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。 （下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出！） 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didnt finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2． 只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A．all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时 B．先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which. C．先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。 D．当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whom； ● All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。 3． as 引导定语从句 as 引导的定语从句有两种形式： A．引导限制性语从句。 在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“such... as”，“the same... as”和“as ...as”句型，可代替先行词。 例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。 B．as 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。 （这是语法考试的一个考点。） ［注意区别］： as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。 例如：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city. 据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。 二．状语从句 超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！ ① 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason.... ② 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result .... ③ 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays ... ④ 条件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that, etc. ⑤ 让步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / h