技术外溢, 吸收能力和中国经济增长.docVIP

投稿领域：国际经济学 技术外溢、吸收能力与中国经济增长 涂涛涛 张建华 （华中科技大学经济学院 湖北 武汉 430074） 内容摘要:本文研究了东道国的技术吸收能力(主要考察了人力资本)、投资环境、市场竞争度以及FDI技术溢出效应之间的关系。研究的结论是：（1）FDI技术外溢性的发挥需要以东道国一定的人力资本水平和投资环境为前提；（2）东道国人力资本水平的提高和投资环境的改善有利于竞争正效应的发挥；（3）FDI在我国各地区间的分布越来越不平衡，这种不平衡导致了我国地区间的发展不平衡；（4）外商直接投资与我国经济增长之间并不存在长期的稳定关系，而人力资本水平与我国经济增长之间则存在着长期的稳定关系。为了充分利用外商直接投资的溢出效应,应提高内资企业的自主创新；提升人力资本水平；优化国内市场竞争结构；改善中西部地区的投资环境。 关键词：经济增长 外商直接投资 技术外溢 吸收能力 Technology Spillovers, Absorptive Capability and Economic Growth in China Abstract: This paper examines FDI spillover effect and relating factors, including technology absorptive capability (mainly human capital), investment environment and intensity of market competition in host country. After empirical analysis, we draw the following conclusions:(1) The existence of FDI spillover effect should be based on a certain level of human capital and investment environment in the host country. (2) The level of human capital and investment environment in the host country determines the competition effect. (3) The distribution of FDI in China is growing more and more unbalanced, which results in the lopsided development among different regions.(4) There is no stable constant relationship between FDI and economic growth, while human capital does have a constant relationship with economic growth. In order to promote FDI spillover effect and economic growth in China, we put forward several suggestions. Firstly, promote innovation of domestic firms. Secondly, enhance the level of human capital. Thirdly, optimize the competition structure of domestic structure. And lastly, improve the investment environment in middle and western regions in China. Key Words：Economic Growth Foreign Direct Investment Technology Spillover Absorptive Capability 一、引言 技术进步是经济长期增长的源泉之一。在大多数国家中，国外来源的技术对国内生产率增长的贡献在90％以上。而世界上少数几个富有国家对全世界新技术的诞生起了决定性作用。众多研究也指出，技术变化往往不是来自本国研发，而是国外技术转移、知识扩散的结果(Coe and Helpman，1995；Eaton and Kortum，1996；Keller，2001)。因此，世界范围内的技术进步方式主要决定于国际技术扩散。作为物化型