北朝彩绘石刻颜料分析 - researchgate.doc

北周彩绘石刻佛像彩绘分析与研究 夏寅1，4，刘振东2，张建锋2，付倩丽1，4，张治国3，王伟锋1，4 (1.陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地，陕西临潼 710600；2.中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京100710；3.中国文化遗产研究院，北京100029；4.秦始皇兵马俑博物馆，陕西临潼 710600) 摘要：本文采用偏光显微法、显微拉曼光谱法和扫描电镜-能谱分析法研究了一批北周时期石刻佛像的彩绘工艺和颜料成分。研究结果显示，所用的红色颜料为朱砂、蓝色颜料为石青和青金石、绿色颜料为石绿、黑色颜料为墨。贴金层的结构为：以铅白为底层，刷胶后贴金箔。彩绘层的结构有两种：一是直接涂饰颜料层；二是在颜料层之下先作白色底层，白色底层为硫酸铅或是硫酸铅与碳酸钙的混合物。 关键词：北周，彩绘，石刻，造像，彩绘，颜料，偏光显微法，显微拉曼光谱法，扫描电镜-能谱分析法，贴金 Study on the Stone Buddha Polychrome of North Zhou Dynasty in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province XIA Yin1,4, LIU Zhen-dong2, ZHANG Jian-feng2, , FU Qian-li1,4 ZHANG Zhi-guo3,WANG Wei-feng1,4 (1. Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Lintong Shaanxi 710600, China; 2.,The Institute of Archaeology CASS, Beijing 100710, China ; 3. Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China; 4. Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, Lintong 710600, China) Abstract: For the propose of getting information of polychrome layers structure and the pigments they ever used, 7 samples are examined by polarized light microscopy (PLM), cross-section, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with an attached energy-dispersive spectrometer. The result shows that cinnabar, malachite, azurite, lapis lazuli and carbon black were used as pigments. And the gilding technique was lead white or lead white and lead sulfate as first layer on top of stone, then adhered with gold leaf. Lead sulfate or lead sulfate and calcite mixture as a priming layer, and the pigment layer directly application on stone were the two technique of polychrome structure. Key words: North Zhou dynasty; Polychrome; Stone Buddha; Polarized light microscopy (PLM); Raman spectroscopy; SEM-EDS; Pigments identification; Gilding technique 1 分析过程 从粘附有彩绘的脱落土块上和个别彩绘佛造像上，采集9个彩绘样品。首先采用低倍数的体视显微镜对所有样品进行观察；然后，根据样品的不同颜色制成5个粉末样，对其采用透射偏光显微镜进行了分析。将7个彩绘样品中的块状样品制成8个剖面样，采用反射偏光显微镜进行了观察，并采用显微拉曼光谱仪对透射偏光显微镜的分析结果进行分析；同时，采用扫描电镜/能谱对彩绘的金饰部分进行了分析研究。 表1 采集样品 序号 编