语法讲义第七讲虚拟语气.docVIP

语法讲义虚拟语气 第七讲 第一.虚拟语气应用范围概述 虚拟语气用来表示一种假设的情况或主观的愿望，是一种表示非真实情况或主观设想的动词形式。按照不同的时间，主从句中动词的形式发生变化。以动词do或be为例。 .虚拟语气在带有条件从句的复合句中的构成和用法 时间 从句 主句 现在 did/were would/should/could/might do 过去 had done would/should/could/might have done 将来 did/were to do/ should do would/should/could/might do 第二.几种从句中的虚拟语气用法 2.1.主语从句中的虚拟语气 当虚拟语气用在主语从句中时，用于该句型主语谓语的动词主要是表示说话人的态度或愿望的词。常用于这类形容词或分词有： essential,important,natural,preferable,required,suggested, demanded,desired,necessary,urgent,advisable,desirable, imperative,proper, mandatory,obligatory,vital, compulsory, crucial,fitting,better,best,appropriate, recommended, requested等。该类虚拟语气的句型为： essential It is/was+ urgent +that +主语+(should)+动词原形 suggested It is urgent that a new law (should)be enacted to protect children. 目前迫切需要制定一项法律来保护儿童。 [例]It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been made. [a]not be started [b]will not be started [c]is not started [d]is not to be started [例]It is most desirable that he the conference. [a]attends [b]is to attend [c]will attend [d] should attend 2.2.同位语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”。这类名词常见的有 suggestion, proposal,motion,order,pray,request, recommendation, requirement, idea,aim,wish,plan, demand,decision,preference,necessarity,resolution,desire等。 Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted. 必须抵制任何开除约翰的提议。 Our suggestion is that we (should)put on a play at the English evening. 我们建议在英语晚会上演一个剧。 [例]John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. [a]is to be analyzed [b]be analyzed [c]has been analyzed [d] should have been analyzed [例]The final recommendation was that the employee on probation a special night class for one semester. [a] has attended [b]attended [c]attends [d]attend 2.3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用