Learning process概要1.pptVIP

杨凡 Competition model and connectionist approaches The psychology of SLA Languages and the brain Learning processes Differences among learners Information processing(IP) Connectionism Multidimensional model Processability Competition model Outline 1. Competition model 1.1 Definition 1.2 Language cues 1.3 The extended model: Unified Competition Model 2. Connectionist approaches 2.1 Definition 2.2 Parallel Distributed Processing（PDP） 2.3 Differences between IP and PDP References  Competition model Bates and MacWhinney (1978) It is a functional approach which assumes that all linguistic performance involves “mapping” between external form and internal function. (Bates and MacWhinney （1981）) external form internal function mapping auditory properties a lexical item semantic properties word-order patterns morphological inflections strings of lexical items grammatical 1.1 Definition 形式和功能的映射（form-function mappings）是竞争模型的核心。 任何一种形式可能实现几种功能，任何一种功能可能被几种形式实现。N---N 不同的语言，形式和功能的映射关系也不一样。（王建勤，2009：278） 竞争就是指各种语言线索在提示语言功能时的竞争关系。学习者在语言形式与功能对应关系的认知过程中，各种语言提示线索通过竞争取得主导地位，并引导学习者顺利完成对应关系的认知。这种认知是通过语言线索的竞争来实现的，所以这种模式称作竞争模式。（王建勤，2009：277） 1.2 Language cues(语言线索) The competition model considers that learning the system of form–function mapping is basic for L1 acquisition. SLA involves adjusting the internalized system of mapping that exists in the learner’s L1 to one that is appropriate for the target language. This is accomplished by detecting cues in language input which are associated with a particular function, and by recognizing what weight to assign each possible cue (the cue strength). What are cues？ For example, for the grammatical function of subject, possible cues are word order, agreement, case marking, and animacy (i.e. capacity for volitional action). Which cue comes first？ Multiple cues are available simultaneo