高中英语语言学之3.句法学.pptVIP

主从复合句 包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当主句，另一个或多个主谓结构为从句，充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。?按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用，可将复合句分为六类。即主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句　　在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句。可以由从属连词that,?whether等或连接代词what,?which, who以及由连接副词how,?when,?where,?why, as等引导。 Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. What caused the accident remains unknown. 2.?同位语从句?同位语从句的作用是做主语、表语或宾语的同位语不是对主语、表语或宾语进行修饰和限定，而是说明其内容含义。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） I heard the news that our team had won. I had no idea that you were here. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 3. 表语从句?当主句的谓语是系动词，而从句位于其后，即在整个句子中充当表语，则该从句叫做表语从句。可以由从属连词that,?whether等, 连接代词what,?which,?who等, 连接副词how,?when,?where,?why等, 以及由because等引导。Their?argument?was?how?we?know?a?way?to?test?the?authorities?statement.? He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 4.?宾语从句（包括间接引语）?在主句中充当宾语成分，即跟在及物动词后面、不及物动词加介词后面，或介词后面的从句叫做宾语从句。可以由从属连词that,?whether,?if等引导；由连接代词what,?which,?who等引导；由连接副词how,?when,?where,?why等引导。例：?He told me that he would go to the college the next year。 I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 5.?定语从句?定语从句分为两类：非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。指代人时，定语从句可以由关系代词who,?whom,?whose引导；指代物时，可以由关系代词which, that引导；指代人或物时，由that引导；指代时间、地点、原因由关系副词when,?where,?why等引导。 This?is?the?house?where?/?in?which?I?used?to?live. I?will?never?forget?the?days?when?/?during?which?we?lived?together. 6．状语从句?在复合句中充当时间、地点、方式、目的、原因、结果等状语成分的从句通称为状语从句。?（1）?时间状语从句?时间状语从句通常由since,? when,?after,as,?while,?before,?by,?during等时间连词引导。Tom?was?playing?computer?games when his?mother?found?him.? （2）地点状语从句通常由where,?wherever引导。 I?found?my?wallet?where?I?walked.?Wherever?I?am?I?will?be?thinking?of?you.? （3）方式状语从句?常由as,?as…so…,?as?if,?as?though引导。As?w