高中被动语态基础与提升.docVIP

被动语态 英语的两种语态 语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。语态分为两种形式：主动语态和被动语态。当主语和谓语之间是主动关系，即主语是动作的发出者时，动词使用主动语态；当主语和谓语是被动关系，及主语是动作的承受者时，动词使用被动语态。 例如：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. (主语是动作的发出者，主动语态) The classroom was cleaned (by us) yesterday. （主语是动作的承受者，被动语态） 被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构：be +及物动词过去分词 主动语态变被动语态的步骤：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变be done. 注意：因为只有及物动词才能直接接宾语，因此被动语态一般是针对及物动词而言;不及物动词不能单独接宾语，而是必须和介词或副词构成动词短语之后才可以接宾语，因此不及物动词的被动语态即是整个动词短语的被动语态 例如： 1). For three months the same thing was happened each night.( × ) For three months the same thing happened each night.( √ ) 2). They take good care of the baby. The baby is taken good care of by them. 3). We put off the sports meeting because of the rain. The sports meeting was put off (by us) because of the rain. 三. 被动语态的时态 被动语态由“be +及物动词过去分词”构成，在不同时态中，be动词随时态变化，而及物动词过去分词保持不变。下面以do为例，看一看不同时态中的被动语态: 要求 基本时态 被动语态中be动词的变化 被动语态的结构 ?要求掌握，加粗部分重点掌握 一般现在时 am /is/ are am /is/ are done 现在进行时 am/is/are being am/is/are being done 现在完成时 have/has been have/has been done 一般过去时 was/ were was/ were done 过去进行时 was/were being was/were being done 过去完成时 had been had been done 一般将来时 will be am/is/are going to be shall be will be done am/is/are going to be done shall be done 过去将来时 would be should be was/were going to be would be done should be done was/were going to be done 了解，少用 将来完成时 will have been will have been done 过去将来完成时 would /should have been would /should have been done 例如： 1) 一般现在时am/is/are +done (过去分词) → Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 练习： He spends two hours doing exercise every week. Two hours are spent doing exercise by him every week.　　 2）现在完成时has /have been done 例如：We have made all the preparations for the task in one week.　→ All the preparations for the task have been made in one week. 练习： I have already read twenty books since last year. Twenty books have already been read by me since last year.　　3）现在进行时am/is /are being done 　　cinema → A new cinema is being built