高中英语语法省略句课件.ppt

省 略 省 略 定义 为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构，不产生歧义，能省略的就应省略。 简单句中的省略 1.省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (It) Doesn’t matter. 2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? 3.在对话或并列句中，如果主语、谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing). 4.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have。 —Are you going there? —Yes, I’d like to (go there). 注意：在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect，但当want 和like用于从句中时，to常常省略。 5.结构省略 可以根据通常的语法结构加以判断，比如省略表语或同时省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。 We have lived here (for) ten years. I haven’t seen you for three months. 并列句中的省略 1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。 My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。 George will (take the course) and Bob might take the course. 2.省略动词 + 宾语或补语 I will buy a house. He will (buy a house) too. 3.省略主语 + 谓语动词 We still have shortcomings, and (we have) very big ones, too. 注意：出现在并列句中的be, have, do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。 4.省略主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 They tried to prevent the pollution, but (they did) not (prevent the pollution) very successfully at the beginning. 复合句中的省略 1.复合句中的省略现象常见于从句中，主句中的省略通常出现在句首。 Hope you will have a good journey. 2.有时整个主句都可省略， 这种省略通常出现在简短答语中。 —Are you going to buy the house? —Unless my wife objects. 3.复合句中的省略现象多出现在状语从句中，在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或主语是it时，可省去“主语+be”部分。 Although hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough even to support him. 4.引导宾语从句的从属连词只要从句不长，that通常都可省略。但如果从句较长或从句的语境较复杂, 连词that 不能省略。 1）I hope (that) all will go well. 2）She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him. 5.在than或as引导的从句中的省略。 Many others are doing better than we are. 6.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell以及appear, seem, afraid等。 —Is he coming back tonight? —I think so. 7.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。 Had they time, they