电力负荷和故障毕业课程设计外文文献翻译.docVIP

附录 Electrical Loads and Faults Part1 Electrical Loads The electrical load devices used in industry, in our homes and in commercial buildings are very important parts of electrical power systems. The load of any system performs a function which involves power conversion. A load converts one form of energy to another. An electrical load converts electrical energy to some other form of energy, such as heat, light or mechanical energy. Electrical loads may be classified according to the function which they perform or by the electrical characteristics which they exhibit. In order to plan for power system load requirements, it is necessary to understand the electrical characteristics of all the loads connected to the power system. The types of power supplies and distribution systems which a building uses are determined by the load characteristics. All loads may be considered as either resistive, inductive, capacitive, or a combination of these. We should be aware of the effects which various types of loads will have on the power system. The nature of alternating current causes certain electrical circuit properties to exist. One primary factor which affects the electrical power system is the presence of inductive loads. These are mainly electric motors. To counteract the inductive effects, utility companies use power-factor corrective capacitors as part of the power system design. capacitor units are located at substations to improve the power factor of the system. The inductive effect, therefore, increases the cost of a power system and reduces the actual amount of power which is converted to another from of energy. Part2 faults and its Damage Each year new designs of power equipment bring about increased reliability of operation . Nevertheless, equipment failures and interference by outside sources occasionally result in faults on electric power systems . On the occurrence of a faults, current and voltage conditions become abnormal, the delivery of power from th