ee-f011 computer architecture 计算机结构 - 国立高雄大学资讯工程 .ppt

Chapter 8Interconnection Networks and Clusters 吳俊興 高雄大學資訊工程學系 January 2005 Chapter 8. Interconnection Networks and Clusters 8.1 Introduction 8.2 A Simple Network 8.3 Interconnection Network Media 8.4 Connecting More Than Two Computers 8.5 Network Topology 8.6 Practical Issues for Commercial Interconnection Networks 8.7 Examples of Interconnection Networks 8.8 Internetworking 8.9 Crosscutting Issues for Interconnection Networks 8.10 Clusters 8.11 Designing a Cluster 8.12 Putting it All Together: The Google Cluster of PCs 8.1 Introduction Networks Goal: Communication between computers Eventual Goal: treat collection of computers as if one big computer, distributed resource sharing Why devote attention to networking for architects Use a network to connect autonomous systems within a computer switches are replacing buses Almost all computers are, or will be, networked to other devices Warning: terminology-rich environment Networks Facets people talk a lot about: direct (point-to-point) vs. indirect (multi-hop) networking vs. internetworking topology (e.g., bus, ring, DAG) routing algorithms switching (aka multiplexing) wiring (e.g., choice of media, copper, coax, fiber) Interconnection Networks Examples Wide Area Network (ATM): 100-1000s nodes; ~ 5,000 km Local Area Networks (Ethernet): 10-1000 nodes; ~ 1-2 km System/Storage Area Networks (FC-AL): 10-100s nodes;  ~ 0.025 to 0.1 km per link 8.2 A Simple Network Starting Point: Send bits between 2 computers Queue (FIFO) on each end Information sent called a “message” Can send both ways (“Full Duplex”) Rules for communication? “protocol” Inside a computer: Loads/Stores: Request (Address) Response (Data) Need Request Response signaling A Simple Example What is the format of message? Fixed? Number bytes? Questions About Simple Example What if more than 2 computers want to communicate? Need computer “address field” (destination) in packet What if packet is garbled in transit? Add “error detection field” in packet (e.g