全球经济问题.ppt

Global Economy Common to buy clothing anywhere in US which has a tag labeled, ‘Made in Malaysia, China or Sri Lanka’ Simple observation reminds us that our consumption of goods has a strong international character Increasingly true to speak not only of national economies but a larger, highly inter-connected and interdependent- GLOBAL ECONOMY Before discussing basic mechanisms of industrialization and economic change within Third World, important to look at the broader global industrial environment within which these nations are forced to compete Setting the Stage: Origins of the Global Economy Since 1970s world economy hit by turbulent forces Unemployment in western countries Traditional industries (iron and steel) have declined LDCs bearing huge financial debts which threaten drive for development Trading tensions have emerged between industrial countries and the newly industrializing countries Causes of These Conditions? Some argue that continuing OPEC escalation of oil prices through limited production is root cause Had some effect but too simple an answer More profound changes in world economic structure were underway before this Increasingly growing consensus that world economy has become more volatile, complex and tightly connected Countries affected by what is happening abroad and at larger geographical scale Internationalization of Trade and Labor As with Japanese autos, American computers and Taiwanese calculators there is an emergence of a “new international division of labor” Basically a change in geographical pattern of specialization at the global scale-constantly changing and very dynamic Example: movement of textile and shoe production from Indonesia to China International Division of Labor Division of labor has taken on spatial dimensions- some areas come to specialize in certain types of economic activity At broad scale : industrialized countries ---? manufactured goods while non-industrialized countries ---? raw materials However this simple