动词的时态 一般现在时概要1.doc

动词的时态—一般现在时 知识链接 1.人称代词 人称代词的意义：代替人或物 人称代词的分类 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he,she,it him,her,it they them 人称代词的主格形式在句中作主语，宾格形式在句中作宾语有时也作表语。 2.句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。 ①主语 主语说明谓语所表示的动作或存在的状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句等皆可作主语。 A light wind disturbed the surface of the water. Nobody can help you expect yourself. Two-thirds of them can play more than two musical instruments. The rich are not always happier than the poor. Whenever you come will be fine. ②谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 Linda worked for company for two years. The old man must be sent to hospital at once. I have tried this way three times. What happened last night? ③宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或者承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 We love peace. Where did you buy it ? We should help the poor. I am in Class Three . The book is on the desk. ④表语 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。充当表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。 Andrea is a Canadian. It’s surprising that you haven’t met. My hobby is growing flowers. My wish is to become an artist. They are at work now. ⑤状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式、形容词和名词等。 Tom speaks English very fast. Wait a moment.I have a few words to say. ▲时间状语从句 在句子中起时间状语作用的句子成为时间状语从句。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。 引导时间状语从句的词有when，while，before，afterI feel very happy when you come to see me. They rushed in while we were discussing problems. We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday. After you use plastic bags,you mustn’t throw them about. ▲条件状语从句 在句子中作条件状语的从句成为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 If you heat ice,it will melt. If you ask him,he will help you. If you fail in the exam,you will let him down. 3.简单句的基本句型 ①主+谓+宾 We like sports. He knows what to do next. He began learning English ten years ago. I have decided to play the flute well. ②主+系+表 He is an IT engineer. The cloth