医学免疫学概要1.ppt

Paul Ehrlich (1854 – 1915)????? Developed a series of tissue-staining dyes including that for tubercle bacillus.  ·??Worked with Koch. Developed anti-toxin (Diphtheria) and hemalysis ·???Side-chain theory of antibody formation: surface receptors bound by lock key; Ag stimulated receptors ? ·???Shared 1908 Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff.  Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916) ·???Embryologist studying starfish development. ·?? Found phagocytosis. Phagocytes from larva stuck on thorn from a tangerine tree. Later he found a fungal spore attached to a phagocyte of Daphnia. Formed the basis of leukocyte phagocytosis. ? ·???Birth of cellular immunology ? Shared Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908 ? Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985) ? ·????Trained as MD ·????Important work on influenza. Discovery of an influenza viral enzyme with the specificity for particular forms of neuramic acid. Used today for detection. Clonal selection theory to explain tolerance 1960 Nobel Prize for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance. Rejection of donor grafts was due to an immunological reaction and that tolerance can be built up by injections into embryos. （三）现代免疫学时代 Gerald M. Edelman 1929- Rodney R. Porter 1917-1985 1972 Nobel Prize for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies. BARUJ BENACERRAF JEAN DAUSSET GEORGE D. SNELL Discovered genes that regulate immune responses (Ir gene), Now known ad the major histocompatibility antigens 1980 Noble prize Niels K. Jerne (1912-1994) ·???Antibody avidity maturation ·???Plaque forming assay ·???Pre-existing repertoire (in host DNA) theory helped the formation of clonal selection theory. ·???Host MHC is the driving force for the maturation and selection of T cells in the thymus. ·?? **Idiotype network Nobel Prize, 1984, for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.