建筑工程专业英语unit 9.pptVIP

Lesson 9 Construction Management Building Construction is a specialized branch of civil engineering concerned with the planning, execution and control of construction operations for such projects as highways, buildings, dams, airports, and utility lines. Planning consists of scheduling the work to be done and selecting the most suitable construction methods and equipment for the project .Execution requires the timely mobilization of all drawings, layouts, and materials on the job to prevent delays to the work. Control consists of analyzing progress and cost to ensure that the project will be done on schedule and within the estimated cost. Preparation of site This consists of the removal and clearing of all surface structures and growth from the site of the proposed structure. A bulldozer is used for small structures, larger structures must be dismantled. Earthmoving This includes excavation and the placement of earth fill. Excavation follows preparation of the site，and is performed when the existing grade must be brought down to a new elevation. Excavation generally starts with the separate stripping of the organic topsoil，which is later reused for landscaping around the new building. This also prevents contamination of the inorganic material which is below the topsoil and which may be required for fill. Excavation may be done by any of several excavators(Fig9.1), such as shovels, draglines，clamshells，cranes，and scrapers[1]. Efficient excavation on land requires a dry excavation area，because many soils are unstable when wet and cannot support excavating and hauling equipment. Dewatering becomes a major operation when the excavation lies below the natural water table and intercepts the groundwater flow. When this occurs，dewatering and stabilizing of the soil may he accomplished by trenches, which conduct seepage to a sump from which the water is pumped out. Dewatering and stabilizing of the soil ma