李永亮 104100119 医学英语.ppt

Smoking and Heart Disease Steps to Help You Break the Habit * WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW * The American Heart Association estimates that each year, about 37,000 to 40,000 people die from heart and blood vessel disease caused by other people’s smoke. Smoking and tobacco use are significant risk factors for a variety of chronic disorders. According to the American Heart Association, cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of premature death in the United States, accounting for 440,000 of the more than 2.4 million annual deaths. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals, many of which are harmful. These include: * Benzene（苯） - solvent used in fuel and chemical manufacture Formaldehyde (甲醛)- highly poisonous, colourless liquid used to preserve dead bodies Ammonia(氨) - chemical found in cleaning fluids. Used in cigarettes to increase the delivery of nicotine Hydrogen cyanide(氰化氢) - poisonous gas used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, and pesticides. Often used as a fumigant to kill rats Cadmium（镉） - extremely poisonous metal found in batteries Acetone（丙酮）- solvent found in nail polish remover Arsenic（砷） - ingredient in rat poison The three main components of inhaled smoke are : Nicotine Carbon monoxide Tar all of which can cause disease. * It is absorbed into the bloodstream and effects the brain within 10 seconds. If you are a regular smoker, when the blood level of nicotine falls, you usually develop withdrawal symptoms such as craving, anxiety, restlessness, headaches, irritability, hunger, difficulty with concentration, or just feeling awful. These symptoms are relieved by the next cigarette. So, most smokers need to smoke regularly to feel normal, and to prevent withdrawal symptoms. * Tar Tar contains many substances proven to cause cancer. Irritants found in tar damage the lungs causing narrowing of the tubes (bronchioles) and damaging the small hairs (cilia) that protect the lungs from dirt and infection. * Carbon