机自专业英语复习资料 英汉翻译对比.docVIP

2、应力应变在任何工程结构独立的部件或将受。如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同静态负荷是一在较短的时间内逐步达到平衡应用(b)持续负载在很长一段时间, 例如结构重量。这种类型的荷以相同的方式静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料温度压力,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失可能。 (c)冲击载荷(一种能量)。振动通常冲击载荷,平衡建立直到通过自然的阻尼力振动的时候。 (d)重复(e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种随时间不断变化的。 根据压缩或拉伸,并牛顿每平方。 ,在实践,在荷载作用下材料是非常小的,, 即, 使用的符号成为。 拉应力与应变被认为是。被认为是的。。 回复到初始尺寸时。一特定形式的适用于大范围的工程材料至少部分, 产生正比于负载。正比变形, 这也,当材料是弹性的, 应力与应变成正比因此胡克定律, 应力正比于应变。 Since loads are proportional to the stresses they produce and deformations are proportional to the strains, this also implies that, whilst materials are elastic, stress in proportional to strain. Hooke’s law therefore states that 这定律服从于大部分铁合金, 甚至可以适用于。 当一个材料当载荷消除之后任何负载可以完全恢复,没有永久变形。 工程机械概述 As we look around us we see a world full of “things”: machines, devices, tools; things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, look better, or are easier to use. 正如我们环顾四周，我们看到世界的“东西”：机器全，设备，工具;事情，我们已经设计，建造和使用;木材，金属，陶瓷制成的东西，和塑料。我们从经验知道，有些事情是比别人做得更好，他们去年更长，成本更低，更安静，看起来更好，或者更容易使用。理想的情况. Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers — that is, it has been designed so as to answer the question, “Exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure, etc. 但是，每个这样的项目已按设计一些“功能要求，”由设计者认为，也就是说，它的设计，以回答这个问题，“究竟是什么职能应是执行？在工程世界”，频繁的主要功能是如此的支持，由于一些装载重量，惯性，压力式， From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials, dimensions, and fastenings to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable lifetime. 从我们家中的光束，飞机的一个机翼等，必须对产品的材料，尺寸适当的融合，和紧固件生产结构，将执行一个较合理的成本合理的一生中其职能可靠。 In practice, engineering mechanics methods are used in two quite different ways: (1) The deve