围栏禁牧对川西北亚高山高寒草甸群落结构的影响.pdfVIP

应用与环境生物学报 2007，13(6)：767～770 Chin JApplEnv~on Biol：ISSN1006-687X 围栏禁牧对川西北亚高山高寒草甸群落结构的影响冰 石福孙 吴宁 罗鹏 易绍良 吴彦 王乾 李亚澜 陈槐 高永恒 (中国科学院成都生物研究所 成都 610041) 摘 要 围栏禁牧4 a后，与放牧草地相比较：1)围栏草地物种数量有所下降，群落内出现物种27种，而长期放牧草 地为33种．2)围栏草地物种平均高度较高，为20．23 cm，群落分层现象明显；放牧草地物种平均高度仅为8．14 cm，群 落无分层现象．3)围栏草地内，杂草类的盖度(98％)大于禾草类的盖度(14％)；放牧草地上，杂草类的盖度(53％)小 于禾草类的盖度(56％)。4)围栏草地以禾草为主的优良牧草的生产能力(35．24 g／m )低于放牧草地的生产能力 (75．47 g／m )．5)围栏草地的地上生物量(272．64 g／m )和地下0—30 cm生物量(801．61 g／m )都高于放牧草地的地 上生物量(184．84 g／m )和地下0—30 cm生物量(683．82 s／m )．研究结果表明，围栏草地具有比放牧草地更复杂的群 落结构，但其物种组成和优良牧草的生产能力，都低于放牧草地．图4表1参8 关键词 亚高山高寒草甸；放牧；围栏；群落结构；生物量 CLC Q948．12(271) Effect of Enclosing on Community Structure of Subalpine Meadow in Northwestern Sichuan，China SHI Fusun，WU Ning一 ，LUO Peng，YI Shaoliang，WU Yan， WANG Qian，LI Yalan，CHEN HuaiGAO Yongheng (Chengdu Institute ofBiology，Chinese Academy ofSciences，Chengdu 610041，China) Abstract After four years’enclosing，the enclosed meadow was compared with the grazed meadow and the result indicated： 1)The species(27)in the enclosed meadow were fewer than those(34)of the grazed one．2)The average height of all spe— cies in the enclosed meadow(20．23 cm)was higher than that ofthe grazed one(8．14 cm)；furthermore，the hierarchy ofthe enclosed meadow was more complex than that of the grazed one．3)In the enclosed meadow，the coverage of forbs(98％)was much higher than that of grasses(14％)，but in the grazed meadow，the coverage of forbs(53％)was lower than that of gras— ses(56％)．4)The output of high—quality forage(mostly grasses)from the enclosed meadow was lower than that of the grazed one，the former was 35．24 g／m and the latter 72．72 g／m ．5)The both above—and below—ground(0～30 cm)biomass in the enclosed meadow was higher