金版新学案13-14英语(人教版)选修8课件：Unit 2 第4学时.ppt

第四学时　Grammar 同位语(The Appositive) 一、定义 同位语的作用主要是对名词(或代词)做进一步说明、解释，它可以是单词，短语或从句。同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，通常置于某些名词之后。 Mr. Qin，our Chinese teacher，earns 2000 yuan of wages a month.(名词做同位语) Altogether Dolly lived for six years，half the length of the life of original life.(短语做同位语) Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(句子做同位语) 二、同位语从句 同位语从句一般置于某些名词之后(如：fact，doubt，idea，news，hope，decision，conclusion，assumption，suggestion，question，rumor，explanation等)。 He held the belief that chances favor the minds that are prepared. 他相信机遇总是降临到时刻作好准备的人身上。 The question whether we need more money to carry out the research has not been decided. 我们是否需要更多的钱来做这项研究还未决定。 I have no idea when I will be back from Guangzhou. 我不知道我什么时候从广州回来。 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1．同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that I have passed the exam is true. 我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 (同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。) The news that he told me just now is true. 他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 (定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。) 2．引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如： The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成分，为同位语从句) The idea that he gave surprises many people. 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 (that在从句中作gave的宾语。为定语从句) 3．when，where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 在定语从句中，when，where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系。 They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句) Go and get your coat. Its in the place where you left it.(定语从句) 4．除that外， 同位语从句还可用whether，where，how等词引导。 The discussion whether they should build a chemical factory there reached no result. 一、在下列各句的空白处填入恰当的连词 1．The thought ________he might be a scientist some day encouraged him to study hard. 2．A robot can only do ________ you have instructed it to do. 3．But the fact remains ________ Jane is behind the other students. 4．The reason why he was late for school is ________ he didnt catch the early bus. 5．I have read all the books ________ you gave me. 1. that　2.w