满族文化Manchu概要1.pptVIP

Catalogue 1. Manchus history 2. Language 3. Food 4. Clothes 5. Housing 6. FestivalCulture 1.Manchu history The ancient of Manchus is Mohe(靺鞨), after bloomed into Jurchen(女真族). In 22 B. C., Jurchens built Sushen Dynasty (肃慎王朝). In 7 th century, Jurchens established the Bohai kingdom(渤海国). In 1115-1234, the Jurchen defeated Liao and set up the Jin Dynasty,beaten by Mongolia. In 1616, Nurhachi·Aisin-Gioro(爱新觉罗·努尔哈赤),created the Eight Banners, built the Jin Dynasty. In 1635,Huang Taiji renamed the group from Jurchen to Manchuria. Republican period,they hide the nationality. In 1949,Manchu became a minority officially. Today, over half of them living in Liaoning. 1.1 Surname Manchu has 647 surnames in total. The eight major surname of Manchu was Tong Zhuis (佟隹氏)Guar Zhuis(瓜尔隹氏),Ma Zhuis(马隹氏),Socaras(索绰络氏),Qi Zhuis(祁隹氏),Fu Chas(富察氏),Na Las(那拉氏),Niohurus(钮祜禄氏). Modern Manchu surnames are change into Tong(佟), Guan(关), Ma(马), Suo(索), Qi(齐), Fu(富), Na(那), Lang(郎). Aisin Giorro changed into Jin(金)，because the Aisin Giorro in Manchu means gold. For example,Ci Xi,Xing Zhen·Yehe Nara(叶赫那拉·杏贞)——Qian Xingzhen(钱杏贞). 1.2 Eight Banners The eight banners is a form of social organization with the functions of military, administration and production. Every year to harvest season, the villages prestigious man be the header who organized villagers to go hunting. One Banner consisted of 0.13 million people about 25 villages. After the Revolution of 1911(辛亥革命)The Eight Banners system was invalid. 2. Language 3. Food The Manchus like to eat sticky food(粘食). Meet happy things,sacrifices or on holidays,they must hold Carnivorous celebration(肉食大典). Typical Manchu Diets are fire pot(火锅),Suan Tangzi(酸汤子),dumplings etc. Not eat dog meat. 4. Clothes 4.1 Handicraft 5. Housing 6. FestivalCulture Major festivals are the Spring Festival,the Lantern Festival，Spring Dragon Festival，the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid Autumn Festival. Like song,dance,vaulting horse(跳马) and