药学中的生物技术和方法.pptVIP

I-Biotechnology 我国生物技术药物 “现代生物制药”是高新技术产业，将成为“知识经济”的支柱产业之一 我国的现代生物制药行业仍然处于“技术初创期” 需要大量的资金投入 更需要 “技术创新成果”的投入 生物技术药物 传统生物技术制药（Medical Biological Products） 用生物发酵方法产生药物，如抗生素、维生素、氨基酸、药酒等 直接从动物及动物毒素制作的免疫制剂，如疫苗等 中药加工工艺加工成的药材（俗称“生药” 和中成药等 生化制药（Biological Drugs） 从生物（多指动物）的组织或分泌物，中提取有效药用成份，如氨基酸、肽类、核酸类、酶类等 现代生物制药（Biopharmaceuticals） 以基因工程技术为基础的的生物制备技术，主要包括： 基因重组多肽、蛋白质类 基因药物，如基因疫苗和反义药物等 干细胞制剂 What is Biotechnology The use of cells (such as tissues or microorganisms) or biological substances (such as enzymes) to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include the production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as the bioconversion of organic waste. Synthetic Biology Synthetic biology in a rational way : reduce biological systems to their component parts build novel systems or rebuild existing ones convergence of biology, engineering and the physical sciences. Synthetic biology can provide new processes for producing chemicals and drugs Artemisinin: a naturally occurring, anti-malarial drug Currently extracted from a plant at high cost and with low efficiency A yeast cell system transformed with a new enzyme pathway can produce a precursor to the active drug Implications: Creating new functions from new combinations of component parts Improving the understanding of existing biological systems through reverse engineering. Could result in the third industrial revolution over the next 50 years Key #1 of Biotechnology: biotransformation The use of enzymes – employed either as isolated enzymes, crude protein extracts or whole cells – for the transformation of non-natural organic compounds The trend of applying natural catalysts to transform non-natural organic compounds was enhanced by the recommendation of the FDA-guidelines (1992) with respect to the use of chiral bioactive agents in enantiopure form. 生物技术药物的过程 蛋白质无细胞表达系统 Key # 2: Gene Tech. Recombinant DNA technology In 1973: the first gene transfer into Escherichi