富士苹果3种树形的树冠生态因子比较研究.pdfVIP

西北林学院学报 2008，23(1)：121~125 Journal of Northwest Forestry University 富士苹果3种树形的树冠生态因子比较研究 李国栋， 张军科 ， 苏渤海， 范崇辉， 韩明玉 (西北农林科技大学园艺学院，陕西杨陵712100) 摘 要：树冠生态因子的研究对果树树形评价和优质丰产有重要的指导意义。本文利用冠层分格测 定的方法对短枝红富士苹果低干开心形、小冠疏层形和自由纺锤形树型的冠层主要生态因子进行 了比较研究。结果表明，低干开心形树生长季枝量最小，为153万条／hm ，冠层无效光区最小，为 20．21 ，相对湿度和风速较大，果实品质好；小冠疏层对形生长季枝量为158万条／hm ，冠层无效 光区为24．32 ，相对湿度小，风速大，果实品质较好；自由纺锤树形生长季枝量最大，为185万条／ hm ，冠层无效光区最大，为32．50 ，相对湿度最大，风速最小，果实品质较差。低干开心树形和小 冠疏层树形树冠通风透光条件好，利于生产优质果。自由纺锤树形须进行改形修剪，减少枝量。 关键词：红富士苹果；树形；枝量和枝类组成；生态因子 中图分类号：$661．1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001—7461(2008)01—0121—05 Comparative Study of the Ecological Factors in Different Tree Canopy Shapes for‘Fuji’Apple LI Guo—dong。，ZHANG Jun-ke，SU Bo—hai，FAN Chong—hui，HAN Ming—yu (College。【，Horticulture，Northwest AF University，Yangling，Shaa~ 712100 China) Abstract：The research of the ecological factors in different tree shapes has an important guiding signifi— cance for tree shapes’evaluation and improving yield and quality．The effects of the ecological factors in small canopy shape，freedom spindle shape，lOW stem and open center shape for‘Fuji’apple trees were in— vestigated by using separate compartment determination in different tree canopies．The results showed that the number of the branches in the low stem and open center shape was the smallest in growing season，1 530 000 strip／hm ．Its inefficacy light region was the lowest 20．21 ，relative light intensity and wind speed were all strong，the fruit quality was better；the number of the branches in small canopy shape 1 5 80 000 strip／hm in growing season，its inefficacy light region was 24．32 ，relative humidity was low，wind speed was high，the fruit quality was good；the number of the branches in freedom spindle shape was the most，1 850 000 strip／hmz，its inefficacy li