1.（参考翻译）龋病2016.docVIP

本文中页码代表原幻灯片所处序号 P2 定义 Dental caries is caused by certain organism of the oral flora（菌丛）. It is an irreversible, slowly progressive decay of the hard tissues of individual teeth. 龋齿是由口腔菌群的某些生物所引起的。它是一种不可逆的、缓慢渐进的个体牙齿硬组织的衰变。 P3： 特征 ?the high incidence : 40-65% ↑ 高发生率：%-65% ?a multifactorial disease 多因素疾病a chronic disease 慢性疾病hard tissues of tooth 牙齿硬组织: (enamel牙釉质, cementum 牙骨质, dentin 牙本质) ?an irreversible decay 一种不可逆的 P4： 龋齿发生过程 decomposition of organic substance（有机物分解） disintegration （ 崩解） of tooth structures 牙齿结构崩解 cavitation（ 洞腔形成） P5： 四种因素理论 Four Factors Is Essential For The Initiation Of Dental Caries Namely: 因素对于龋齿的发生至关重要，包括： P6： Cariogenic bacteria 致龋细菌 ---Dental Plaque（牙菌斑） streptococcus mutans（ 变形链球菌） lactobacillus（ 乳酸杆菌） actinomyces（ 放线菌属） P7： Food Refined carbohydrates(精制碳水化合物) such as sucrose蔗糖 provide a suitable substrate on which the cariogenic micro-organisms act to produce the acids that lead to dissolution of the hard dental tissues 精制的碳水化合物如蔗糖提供合适的底物，这将 Caries experience is influenced by the quantity, quality and especially frequency of consumption of the refined carbohydrate 龋敏感性受精炼碳水化合物的数量，质量，特别是消耗频率的影响 P8： 宿主 ? Tooth morphology bacterial plaque is an essential precursor of caries , sites on the tooth surface which favour plaque retention and stagnation are particularly prone to decay 牙菌斑是造成龋病的重要前驱因素，位于牙齿表面从而支持斑块保和停滞（）尤其容易 ? Saliva under normal conditions, the tooth is continually bathed in saliva. It is capable of remineralizing the early carious lesion because it is supersaturated with Ca and P. when salivary buffering capacity has been lost, a low Ph environment is encouraged and persists longer 正常情况下，牙齿不断沐浴在唾液中。它能够再矿化早期龋病因为因为其中含有过饱和促成 并持续较长时间 Fluoride particular interest was the discovery of the association between fluoride concentration in water supplies and prevalence of dental caries in children 由于研究氟在水源中的摄入量儿童龋齿患病率的的发现，氟元素引起特别重视 9： 时间 Certain time is needed for the carious process 龋齿进展需要一定的时间 P10 四因子假说 The four circle diagrammatically