溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩（The dipole moment of a polar molecule is determined by the solution method）.docVIP

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溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩（The dipole moment of a polar molecule is determined by the solution method）.doc

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溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩（The dipole moment of a polar molecule is determined by the solution method）

溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩（The dipole moment of a polar molecule is determined by the solution method） The dipole moment of a polar molecule is determined by the solution method I. purpose and requirements The dipole moment of ethyl acetate was determined by solution method To understand the relationship between dipole moment and molecular electrical properties The experimental technique of determination of dipole moment by solution method I. basic principles I. dipole moment and polarization degree The molecular structure can be approximated by the stone as the electron. And the structure of the skeleton (nucleus and inner electrons). Because of the difference in the configuration of the molecular space, the center of negative charge may be overlapping or not, the former is called a non-polar molecule, which is called a polar molecule. Figure 1 electric dipole moment schematic In 1912, Debye proposed the concept of dipole moment mu to measure the size of molecular polarity, as shown in figure 1, which is defined as EMBED Equation. 3 (1) Q is the charge in the center of positive and negative charge, d is the distance between positive and negative charge center, mu is a vector, and the direction of its direction is from positive to negative. The order of magnitude of the atomic distance in the molecule is the EMBED Equation. 3 m, the order of magnitude of the charge is the EMBED Equation. 3 C, so the order of magnitude of the dipole moment is the EMBED Equation. Through the determination of dipole moment, we can understand the distribution of electron cloud and the symmetry of the molecule in the molecular structure, and also can be used to distinguish the three-dimensional structure of geometrical isomers and molecules. The polar molecule has a permanent dipole moment, but because of the thermal motion of the molecule, the dipole moment points to the same opportunity in all directions, so the dipole moment is equal to zero. If the polar molecule is placed in a uniform electric f