铁路沿线冻害（Frost damage along the railway line）.docVIP

铁路沿线冻害（Frost damage along the railway line） 铁路沿线冻害是指进入冬季后,由于寒冻使铁轨基土体发生冻胀,不均性的动胀使路基的平整性受到严重破坏.所谓冻胀,就是土在冻结过程中,土中水分(包括土体孔隙中原有水分以及从外部迁移土体来的水分)转化为冰,引起土颗粒间的相对位移,使土体体积产生膨胀,土表升高.根据铁路部门的有关规定,左右两股路轨之间或每股路轨在10米以内的变形差不能超过4毫米,超过此规定,就是超限.有可能造成火车脱轨,翻车等事故.冻胀不但破坏了设计的几何形状,在冻胀过程中的水分迁移和聚冰,开冻时水分来不及排除而造成松散物质蠕动,滑塌和泥流,而造成铁路轨面不平等现象.冻土是一种对温度变化敏感和易变的地质体,一般是指温度在0℃或0℃以下,并含有冰的各种岩土和土壤,在各种不同的母质体中,随着温度,含水量的变化和各相态水的比例发生.土的密实程度对冻胀也有一定的影响,当土非常疏松时,土具有较大的空隙,冰只充填于空隙中而不能使土粒的距离明显增大,所以它是弱冻胀性的.随着土的密实程度增大,土颗粒间的距离趋于减小,冻结时薄膜水的迁移趋于活跃,而冰的形成,将使土粒间的距离增大,于是,便显示出冻胀率随干容重增大而增大的趋势.在到达某一临界值以后,随着干容重的增大,土架格的连结力增大,渗透性降低,因而冻胀率也趋于降低. A large number of experiments and observation data indicates that soil water content and groundwater buried depth has a great influence on the frost heave rate. When the water content is less than the plastic limit (basically starting frost heave water content), soil frost heave is very weak, as the moisture content increases, the frost heave of soil in enhancement. When is frozen soil body and the ground water level is very close, frost heave is strongest, because groundwater continuously supply frozen soil body; As groundwater buried depth increases, frost heave rate gradually decreased. Freezing rate has important influence to the frost heaving, when frontal moving very quick frozen water to migration and accumulation, and frost heave rate is also relatively small, in the slow freezing, moisture can make full migration and accumulation of ice, causing large ice body, lead to strong frost heave. In addition, under the load, the frost heave will diminish. In fact, under the natural condition, buried depth of groundwater have important influence on the water content of soil. Local burial shallow water, the water content of soil is large, thus determines the soil freezing rate is small. In addition, the change in the natural dry capacity range is not big, in a small area, in front of soil gradation in phase at the same time, in roughly the same climate conditions, groundwater buried depth becomes