基本安全补充课件.pptVIP

*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;组织沟通的种类 Organizational Communication 1. Vertical communication --Downward communication --Upward communication 2. Horizontal Communication 3. Grapevine Communication;口头沟通 Oral 1. Face to Face 2. Meetings 3. Presentations 4. Telephone 5. Voice mail ;Oral --Advantages: quick, easy, facilitates reaction, interaction, and feedback --Disadvantages: more risk of being misunderstood, may involve intermediaries who may distort, confuse, message, e.g. the “grapevine” ;书面沟通方式 Written A list of commonly used written items includes: Memos Letters (email) Reports Bulletin board notices Posters ;Written -Advantages: allows careful preparation, wide circulation, ensures accuracy of message, facilitates transmission of complex data -Disadvantages: requires skill to ensure simplicity, readability; inhibits feedback ;沟通建议 Advice 1. Try to predict the impact --Evaluate possible misinterpretation --Recognize tendency to reject what they don???t want to hear ;运用反馈手段 2.Use feedback --Ensure that there are indications that message is understood ;尽可能运用面对面交流方式 3.Use face to face communications wherever possible --More control over tone of message, improves feedback ;运用增强方式 4. Use reinforcement --It helps oral briefings to be reinforced in writing ;语言简洁 5. Keep it simple --Avoid jargon, long words, complicated sentences. ;指导 Guide: 1.Listen 2.Be clear as to the purpose of communication 3.Understand the environment 4.In planning to communicate, consult with others, win their support ;Guide(continued): 5.Consider content and overtones of message 6.If possible, communicate something that helps Follow-up to ensure effectiveness 7.Communicate both short-run and long- run messages 8.Ensure actions align with message ;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*