尼克尔森微观经济学课件中文版ch11.pdfVIP

Chapter 11 第十一章 APPLIED COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 应用竞争性分析 Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Economic Efficiency and Welfare Analysis 经济效率和福利分析 • The area between the demand and the supply curve represents the sum of consumer and producer surplus 需求和供给曲线之间的区域代表了消费者剩余和生产 者剩余之和 – measures the total additional value obtained by market participants by being able to make market transactions 衡量了市场参与者通过市场交易所获得的总的额外价值 • This area is maximized at the competitive market equilibrium这一区域在竞争性市场均衡处最大化 2 Economic Efficiency and Welfare Analysis 经济效率和福利分析 Price S Consumer surplus is the area above price and below Demand 消费者剩余是价格之上需求之下的区域 P * Producer surplus is the area below price and above supply 生产者剩余是价格之下供给之上的区域 D Quantity Q * 3 Economic Efficiency and Welfare Analysis 经济效率和福利分析 Price S At output Q , total surplus 1 will be smaller 在产出Q ，总剩余较小 1 At outputs between Q1 and Q*, P *