应用rna-seq技术进行小鼠圆形精子、长形精子及成熟精子的转录组学 .doc

精子形成期基因转录本的研究进展 张俊芳 朱化彬 张留光 郝海生 赵学明 秦彤 王栋** （中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 北京 100193） 摘要:减数分裂后，精子细胞经过一系列的变态过程最终发育为成熟精子。期间，精子细胞质逐渐丢失，其染色质组蛋白逐渐被替换为鱼精蛋白，染色质被致密包装精子中种类繁转录本群体包括精子细胞核转录关闭前已转录出并被选择性保留的各种信息、精子染色质重新包装所需蛋白的信息，及micro-RNA等。这些RNA并不仅仅是精子形成过程中残留下来的，可能是形成过程中已有蛋白更新、染色质重组装的必要前提或适应自身环境而适时表达的，并与体细胞一样呈现出时空特异性。实际上精子核内，组蛋白没有完全被鱼精蛋白替换，且染色质上包含一些核酸活性敏感位点，因此精子存在一定的转录活性。精子中RNA数量与体细胞相比很少，但其存在形式与基因转录调控不同于体细胞及卵子发生，深入研究精子形成中基因转录调控的特点，可以增进对精子形成与成熟遗传本质的理解。 关键词：减数分裂；精子形成；鱼精蛋白；转录本；转录调控 The Study on the Gene Transcriptions During Spermiogenesis ZHANG Jun-Fang ZHU Hua-Bin ZHANG Liu-Guang HAO Hai-Sheng Zhao Xue-Ming Qin Tong Wang Dong The Key Laboratory For Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of the Ministry Of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China Abstract:After meiosis, round spermatid change into elongating spermatid morphologically, and mature into sperm like tadpole. During this time, cytoplasm in the germ cell are gradually lost, histones associated with chromatin are replaced by transition proteins progressively, and eventually are transformed into protamines. Thus the spermatid chromatin is packaged stringently. Nevertheless, there exist many kinds of transcripts. These RNAs not only are the residues in the spermatogenesis, but also are expressed timely for proteins being updated, chromatin being reassembled or spermatid itself adapting to the changing environment. Some paternal RNAs deliver to the oocyte at fertilization, which may promote zygotic development and epigenetic regulations. Although the number of sperm RNAs is small, its existence form and transcriptional regulation are different from the somatic cells and oogenesis. A deep study on the characteristics of transcriptional regulation in spermiogenesis can help to understand the genetic nature of spermiogenesis. Key words: meiosis; spermiogenesis; protamine; gene transcription; transcriptional regulation 作为一种终末分化细胞，成熟精子携带着由基因