AEO制度及安全措施国际互认.docVIP

AEO制度及安全措施国际互认多年来,各国海关和国际组织在积极地推进AEO制度和安全措施的国际互认。AEO制度和安全措施的国际互认在增强全球供应链安全的同时,也为可信赖的经营者提供更多的通关便利。两国海关如果要实施AEO互认,需要对比两国法律法规以及实际的实施情况是否对等,通常会对比稽查和风险管理方法,也可能到访一个海关授权或被稽查的公司,以了解目前AEO实施状况。 但AEO制度和安全措施的国际互认还面临一些巨大的挑战:首先,发展对等措施不是要求法律或规则完全相同,而是必须要有对等的控制和安全水平;其次,需要确保在达成AEO互认的海关间相关数据的及时交换。企业名称、贸易识别、AEO证书号码及正确性等信息要定期交换,以确保近期授权的AEO企业也可以尽快从互认中受益,而失去AEO授权的企业尽快不再受益;第三,各国已经对确保数据安全的必要性进行了探讨,但不同的保护方法不利于国际互认协议的达成。 欧盟海关合作协议为增强海关程序和海关政策方面的合作提供了很好的基础,每个协议都设立了一个由缔约方海关代表组成的海关合作联合委员会,以确保协议的正确实施,并且提供决策和建议来加强合作和修订协议内容。目前,欧盟与美国、日本、中国都签有合作协议,且与加拿大和其他贸易伙伴的紧密合作也将开始。欧盟希望在2010年初签署第一份标准形式的协议,以便与其他致力于实施国际互认的伙伴国取得更多合作。 Mutual Recognition of Authorized Economic Operators and Security Measures For several years, customs administrations and international organizations have considered and promoted the idea and objective of achieving mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) and security measures. ?Mutual recognition? of AEO and security measures will enhance security of international supply chains and provide increased facilitation for secure and reliable economic operators. Customs administrations will insist on comparing legislation and rules and on verifying whether the practical implementation is equivalent. Usually, this will require audit and risk management methods to be compared, which might also include a visit to a company that has been authorized or is being audited in view of attaining AEO status. However, one of the biggest challenges of mutual recognition is the need for interested countries to develop equivalent measures. The requirement of developing equivalent measures does not mean that the legislation/rules have to be identical but they must lead to equivalent control and security levels. Another important challenge is the need to ensure the timely exchange of relevant AEO data between administrations that have agreed the mutual recognition of AEO. It is expected that the name of the AEO, the trader identification, the AEO certificate number and its validi