土壤氡析出率影响因素及估算模型 - 北京大学物理学院.pdf

·520 · 中华放射医学与防护杂志2006 年 10 月第 26 卷第 5 期 　Chin J Radiol Med Prot , October 2006 ,Vol 26 ,No . 5 ·环境放射性 · 土壤氡析出率影响因素及估算模型 程冠 　程建平 　郭秋菊 【摘要】　目的　通过对某定点处土壤氡析出率的长期测量观察 ,分析并总结环境因素对氡析 出率的影响规律 。方法 　使用 ERS2 静电收集式氡采样测量仪 ,每次采样累积时间40 min ,每 10 分 钟测量一次氡浓度 ,通过线性拟和求算出土壤表面氡析出率 ;利用已有的数学模型对测量结果进行 估算和评价 ; 同时测量环境空气的湿度 、温度 、土壤含水量和土壤氡浓度 。结果 　春季土壤氡析出 ( ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) 率平均值为 249 ±56 mBqm ·s ,夏季平均值为 119 ±34 mBqm ·s 。结论 　在影响土壤氡 析出率的诸因素中 ,湿度非常重要 ,而环境温度对氡析出率的影响相对较小 ;测量期间环境气压变 化不明显 ,没有观测到气压对析出率的影响 。开展土壤射气系数的研究 ,将有助于阐明多种环境因 素对土壤表面氡析出率的影响 。 【关键词】　氡析出率 ; 　土壤氡 ; 　气象因素 ; 　估算模型 Discussion of influencing factors on the radon exhalation rate and theoretical model 　 CHEN G Guan , CHEN G J ianp ing , GUO Qiuj u. Dep artment of Engineering Physics , Tsinghuha University , B eij ing 100084 , China Corresp onding author : GUO Qiu-j u , Email : qiguo @pku. edu. cn 【Abstract 】　Objective 　Long term continuous measurements of radon exhalation were conducted at one site in order to clarify the contribution of the environmental factors. Methods 　 The radon concentration was measured by ERS2 ElectrostaticRadonThoronSampler in 40 minutes. The sampler monitored the concentration at intervals of 10 minutes. The radon exhalation rate was determined by the linear increase of the concentration . The result was estimated with a theoretical model . At the same time , the temperature , barometric pressure , and the humidity of the soil and air are measured. Results 　 The exhalation rate of radon is ( 249 ±56) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) mBqm ·s in spring and 119 ±34 mBqm ·s in summer while the humidity of the soil and air in summer are markedly higher than that in spring. Conclusions 　The main influencing f