药物和行为治疗结合戒烟方法利川市人民医院控烟考核办法及奖惩制度.ppt

* Key Point Gender-specific smoking prevalence varies across the world. Background Worldwide, there are marked differences in smoking prevalence rates between men and women from country to country. For example, in South Africa, the Philippines, China, Iran, and Portugal, smoking prevalence is much lower in women than in men. In contrast, in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Iceland, the prevalence of smoking in men is only slightly higher than that in women.1 Overall, the prevalence of smoking in men is declining. However, although smoking prevalence in women is declining in some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, in several southern, central, and eastern European countries, the rate of smoking in women is not in decline or is still increasing.1 Reference 1. Mackay J, Eriksen M, Shafey O. The Tobacco Atlas. Second ed. American Cancer Society Myriad Editions Limited. Atlanta, Georgia, 2006. Also available online at: /statmap/. * * Smoking has been implicated as a cause of both peripheral and coronary endothelial dysfunction and has been shown to be a predictor of long-term cardiovascular events, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Potential mechanisms by which smoking may play a role in cardiovascular events prior to the development of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) include induction of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, increased blood thrombogenicity, and an enhanced inflammatory response. Reference Lavi S, Prasad A, Yang EH, et al. Smoking is associated with epicardial coronary endothelial dysfunction and elevated white blood cell count in patients with chest pain and early coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2007; 115:2621-2627. * * * * * 警钟长鸣 Mackay J, et al. The Tobacco Atlas. Second Ed. American Cancer Society Myriad Editions Limited, Atlanta, Georgia, 2006. Also available online at: /statmap/. 美国 24% 19% 男 女 澳大利亚 19% 16% 白俄罗斯 53% 7% 巴西 22% 14% 加拿大 22% 17% 智利 48% 37% 中国 67